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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(3): 704-712, maio-jun. 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-911177

ABSTRACT

A classificação de estado físico ASA (Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas) é uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação pré-anestésica do paciente. Assim, é utilizada em diversos estudos por possuir estreita relação com a morbidade e a mortalidade anestésica. Realizou-se tal classificação em 243 pacientes caninos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Os resultados obtidos foram os seguintes: ASA I (38; 15,64%), ASA II (53; 21,81%), ASA II emergencial (E) (2; 0,82%), ASA III (78; 32,10%), ASA III E (23; 9,46%), ASA IV (11; 4,53%), ASA IV E (36; 14,81%) e ASA V (2; 0,82%). Verificou-se que a maior parte dos pacientes foram classificados como ASA III (doença sistêmica moderada), o que demonstra que, no serviço analisado, a maioria dos animais submetidos à cirurgia são portadores de enfermidades. A mortalidade foi de 2,46%, com a maioria dos óbitos ocorridos no pós-operatório e em pacientes com emergências. Concluiu-se que, no serviço analisado, os maiores riscos estão relacionados aos pacientes com categorias ASA de maior gravidade, em cirurgias emergenciais e, especialmente, no período pós-operatório.(AU)


The classification ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) is an important tool for assessing a patient's pre anesthetic. Thus, it is used in many studies because it has close relation with anesthetic morbidity and mortality. This classification was performed on 243 canine patients undergoing surgical procedures at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The results obtained were as follows: ASA I (38, 15.64%), ASA II (53; 21.81%), ASA II Emergency (E) (2; 0.82%), ASA III (78; 32.10%), ASA III E (23; 9.46%), ASA IV (11; 4.53 %), ASA IV E (36; 14.81%), and ASA V (2; 0.82%). Most patients were ASA III (moderate systemic disease), demonstrating that in the analyzed service the most operated animals are carriers of disease. The mortality rate was 2.46%, with most deaths occurring postoperatively and in patients with an emergency. The greatest risks are related to patients with more severe categories of the classification ASA, in emergency surgery, and especially in the postoperative period.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Anesthesia/classification , Anesthesia/mortality , Anesthesia/veterinary , Dogs/surgery , Mortality
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(3,supl.1): 190-204, Aug. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468290

ABSTRACT

In the Brazilian Amazon, two monospecific genera, the Harpy Eagle and Crested Eagle have low densities and are classified by IUCN as Near Threatened due to habitat loss, deforestation, habitat degradation and hunting. In this study, we evaluate occurrence of these large raptors using the environmental surveys database from Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. Integrating the dataset from two methods, we plotted a distribution map along the Xingu River, including records over a 276-km stretch of river. Terrestrial surveys (RAPELD method) were more efficient for detecting large raptors than standardized aquatic surveys, although the latter were complementary in areas without modules. About 53% of the records were obtained during activities of wildlife rescue/flushing, vegetation suppression or in transit. Between 2012 and 2014, four Harpy Eagles were removed from the wild; two shooting victims, one injured by collision with power lines and one hit by a vehicle. Also, seven nests were mapped. The mean distance between Harpy Eagle records was 15 km along the river channel, with a mean of 20 km between nests near the channel, which allowed us to estimate 20 possible pairs using the alluvial forest, riverine forest and forest fragments. Territories of another ten pairs will probably be affected by inundation of the Volta Grande channel, which is far from the main river. The average distance between Crested Eagle records was 16 km along the river channel. The only nest found was 1.3 km away from a Harpy Eagle nest. The remnant forests are under threat of being replaced by cattle pastures, so we recommend that permanently protected riparian vegetation borders (APP) be guaranteed, and that forest fragments within 5 km of the river be conserved to maintain eagle populations.


Na Amazônia brasileira dois gêneros mono-específicos, Harpia e Morphnus, caracterizam-se por baixa densidade e estão classificados pelo IUCN como Quase Ameaçados, porém ocorrem sobre grande parte do território nacional, suas principais ameaças são a fragmentação florestal, a degradação de hábitat e a caça. Neste estudo avaliamos a abundância destas duas grandes aves de rapina utilizando a base de dados dos programas ambientais da UHE Belo Monte, integrando-se dois métodos para construir um mapa de distribuição ao longo de 245 km do rio Xingu. Os levantamentos terrestres pelo método RAPELD mostraram-se mais eficientes para os registros de grandes águias quando comparado aos esforços padronizados aquáticos, entretanto estes foram complementares na ausência de módulos. Cinquenta e tres por cento foram registros ocasionais durante a supressão da vegetação, afugentamento ou deslocamento. Entre 2012-2014 quatro harpias foram removidas da natureza, dois indivíduos alvo de disparos, uma por colisão com rede elétrica, e outra por atropelamento. Sete ninhos mapeados, a distância média entre os registros de harpia na calha e margens do rio foi de 15 km, 20 km distância média entre ninhos, o que permitiu estimar um total de 20 casais utilizando as florestas aluviais em uma distancia de 270 km, incluindo matas ciliares e os fragmentos fora da margem do rio. Estimamos que territórios de outros 10 casais usando a Volta Grande longe do rio principal também serão afetados pela inundação. A distância média entre os registros de Morphnus foi 16 km ao longo do rio, o único ninho mapeado estava distante 1.3 km do ninho de Harpia. Estes fragmentos florestais estão sendo substituídos por pastagens, ressaltando-se a importância da manutenção das áreas de preservação permanentes (APP) e a proteção destes fragmentos em diversos formatos de áreas de proteção, para diminuir a degradação dos mesmos e garantir a manutenção das populações destes grandes predadores na região do rio Xingu.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Animals , Conservation of Natural Resources , Animal Distribution , Eagles/physiology , Brazil , Power Plants , Population Density , Ecosystem
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(12): 1631-1636, Dec. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-466735

ABSTRACT

Leptin is produced primarily by adipocytes. Although originally associated with the central regulation of satiety and energy metabolism, increasing evidence indicates that leptin may be an important mediator in cardiovascular pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate plasma leptin levels in patient with Chagas' heart disease and their relation to different forms of the disease. We studied 52 chagasic patients and 30 controls matched for age and body mass index. All subjects underwent anthropometric, leptin and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurements and were evaluated by echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and chest X-ray. All patients had fasting blood samples taken between 8:00 and 9:00 am. Chagasic patients were divided into 3 groups: group I (indeterminate form, IF group) consisted of 24 subjects with 2 positive serologic reactions for Chagas' disease and no cardiac involvement as evaluated by chest X-rays, ECG and two-dimensional echocardiography; group II (showing ECG abnormalities and normal left ventricular systolic function, ECG group) consisted of 14 patients; group III consisted of 14 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF group) and left ventricular dysfunction. Serum leptin levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the CHF group (1.4 ± 0.8 ng/mL) when compared to the IF group (5.3 ± 5.3 ng/mL), ECG group (9.7 ± 10.7 ng/mL), and control group (8.1 ± 7.8 ng/mL). NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the CHF group (831.8 ± 800.1 pg/mL) when compared to the IF group (53.2 ± 33.3 pg/mL), ECG group (83.3 ± 57.4 pg/mL), and control group (32 ± 22.7 pg/mL). Patients with Chagas' disease and an advanced stage of CHF have high levels of NT-ProBNP andlow plasma levels of leptin. One or more leptin-suppressing mechanisms may operate in chagasic patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chagas Disease/blood , Heart Failure/blood , Leptin/blood , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/blood , Body Mass Index , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/blood , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Fluoroimmunoassay , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Peptide Fragments/blood
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(2): 153-158, Feb. 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440491

ABSTRACT

Elevated body mass index (BMI) has been reported as a risk factor for heart failure. Prevention of heart failure through identification and management of risk factors and preclinical phases of the disease is a priority. Levels of natriuretic peptides as well as activity of their receptors have been found altered in obese persons with some conflicting results. We investigated cardiac involvement in severely obese patients by determining N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and attempting to correlate the levels of these peptides in serum and plasma, respectively, with BMI, duration of obesity, waist circumference, and echocardiographic parameters. Thirty-three patients with severe obesity (mean BMI: 46.39 kg/m², mean age: 39 years) were studied. The control group contained 30 healthy age-matched individuals (BMI: <25 kg/m², mean age: 43 years). The t-test and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Log-NT-proBNP was significantly higher (P = 0.003) in obese patients (mean 1.67, 95 percent CI: 1.50-1.83 log pg/mL) compared to controls (mean: 1.32, 95 percent CI: 1.17-1.47 log pg/mL). The Log-NT-proBNP concentration correlated with duration of obesity (r = 0.339, P < 0.004). No difference was detected in the Log-BNP concentration (P = 0.63) of obese patients (mean: 0.73, 95 percent CI: 0.46-1.00 log pg/mL) compared to controls (mean: 0.66, 95 percent CI: 0.51-0.81 log pg/mL). NT-proBNP, but not BNP, is increased in severely obese patients and its concentration in serum is correlated with duration of obesity. NT-proBNP may be useful as an early diagnostic tool for the detection of cardiac burden due to severe obesity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Obesity, Morbid/blood , Peptide Fragments/blood , Body Mass Index , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Echocardiography , Heart Diseases/blood , Heart Diseases/etiology , Luminescent Measurements , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Waist-Hip Ratio
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 65(3): 423-430, Aug. 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-418144

ABSTRACT

Os efeitos da fragmentação sobre a biodiversidade têm recebido muita atenção nas últimas décadas, pelo fato de reduzirem, drasticamente, áreas viáveis para organismos vivos. Estudou-se o efeito da fragmentação de habitat sobre Thamnophilus stictocephalus (Thamnophilidae), uma ave de sub-bosque, em fragmentos de floresta semidecídua em Alter-do-Chão, Santarém, Pará. Testou-se a densidade de Thamnophilus stictocephalus como função de tamanho e forma de fragmentos, da densidade da vegetação de sub-bosque e da biomassa de artrópodes. A densidade de Thamnophilus foi positivamente relacionada ao tamanho de fragmentos e não foi relacionada significativamente aos outros fatores analisados. A biomassa de artrópodes foi positivamente relacionada ao tamanho de fragmentos. A densidade de Thamnophilus stictocephalus foi significativamente maior em fragmentos do que em floresta contínua. A fragmentação teve um efeito pronunciado na densidade relativa de T. stictocephalus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Arthropods , Biomass , Birds/physiology , Trees , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Linear Models , Population Density
6.
Bol. micol ; 17: 1-7, dic. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-365859

ABSTRACT

Se analizó el impacto de las enfermedades fúngicas en las pérdidas de postcosecha de papaya en la fase de comercialización, evaluando la influencia de la temperatura en la manifestación de las enfermedades de postcosecha y del binomio temperatura-humedad relativa en la severidad de la pudrición causada por Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Cuatro supermercados, en la cuidad de Recife (Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil), fueron analizados en cuanto al impacto de las enfermedades fúngicas postcosecha en las pérdidas de frutos de papaya. Estas fueron las principales causas de descarte, correspondiendo un 98 por ciento al Cultivar Formosa y 90,5 por ciento al Cultivar Sunrise Solo. Los principales hongos involucrados en el proceso de infección fueron Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes, L. Theobromae y Rhizopus stolonifer, agentes causales de la antracnosis, pudrición peduncular y pudrición acuosa, respectivamente. Al analizar la influencia de la temperatura (5, 15 y 30°C) en los frutos con aspecto sano, se constató que las principales enfermedades fueron las mismas observadas en los frutos descartados. A temperaturas de 5 y 15°C, la antracnosis presentó una mayor incidencia en relación con las otras enfermedades, mientras que la pudrición peduncular fue constatada solamente a 30°C, con incidencia superior a las demás. En el análisis de la influencia de la temperatura y la humedad sobre la severidad de la pudrición causada por L. theobromae, no se observaron síntomas de la enfermedad en frutos en humedad relativa inferior o igual al 90 por ciento. En presencia de elevada humedad, sólo a partir de 25°C fue constada la incidencia de la enfermedad, con un aumento en la severidad de la misma con la elevación de la temperatura y del período de humedad relativa.


Subject(s)
Carica , Fruit , Mycotoxins
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